![]() We examine a collection of techniques that are designed to transform the geometry shape of deformable objects in sampled representations and pay particular attention to their deployment in surgical simulation. We consider a collection of elementary operations for manipulating SORs, which can serve as building blocks of deformation and animation techniques. In this state of the art report, we survey a wide range of techniques that have been developed for manipulating, deforming and animating SORs. Such methods can enable computer graphics and computer animation to benefit enormously from the advances of digital imaging technology. Hence it poses a significant scientific and technical challenge to develop deformation and animation methods that operate upon SORs. Unlike many commonly used data representations in computer graphics, SORs lack in geometrical, topological and semantic information, which is much needed for controlling deformation and animation. Examples of SORs include images, videos, volume datasets and point datasets. Our approach is directly applicable in medical and biological illustration, and we demonstrate how it works as an interactive tool for focus+context visualization, as well as a generic technique for volume graphics.Ī sampled object representation (SOR) defines a graphical model using data obtained from a sampling process, which takes a collection of samples at discrete positions in space in order to capture certain geometrical and physical properties of one or more objects of interest. We describe a GPU-based implementation to achieve real-time performance of the techniques and a collection of manipulation operators including peelers, retractors, pliers and dilators which are adaptations of the metaphors and tools used in surgical procedures and medical illustrations. ![]() We also present a mechanism for defining features using texture volumes, and methods for computing correct normals for the deformed volume in respect to different alignments. ![]() We propose two new feature-aligned techniques, namely surface alignment and segment alignment, and compare them with the axis-aligned techniques which was reported in previous work on volume manipulation. It is partly inspired by medical illustrations, where it is common to depict cuts and deformation in order to provide a better understanding of anatomical and biological structures or surgical processes, and partly motivated by the need for a real-time solution that supports the specification and visualization of such illustrative manipulation. More informationĪbout viewing, downloading, and printing report files can be found here.In this paper we describe a GPU-based technique for creating illustrative visualization through interactive manipulation of volumetric models. PARAVIEW DEPTH PEELER DOWNLOADDownload the latest version of Adobe Reader, free of charge. PARAVIEW DEPTH PEELER PDFPDF documents opened from yourīrowser may not display or print as intended. ![]() The documents to your computer and open them with Adobe Reader. For best results viewing and printing PDF documents, it is recommended that you download PARAVIEW DEPTH PEELER PORTABLEPart or all of this report is presented in Portable Document Format Techniques for estimating flood-depth frequency relations for streams in West Virginia Examples of inapplicable sites include those in reaches below dams, within and directly upstream from bridge or culvert constrictions, within encroached reaches, in karst areas, and where streams flow through lakes or swamps. The equations are applicable to any unregulated site in West Virginia where values of independent variables are within the range evaluated for the region. Drainage area is the most significant independent variable found in the central and northern areas of the state where mean basin elevation also is significant. ![]() Two regions with distinct baseline depth equations and three regions with distinct flood depth equations are delineated. Drainage basin characteristics determined from the 100-yr flood depth analysis were used to develop 2-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 500-yr regional flood depth equations. Geological Survey streamflow stations to develop equations that estimate baseline depth (depth of 50% flow duration) and 100-yr flood depth on unregulated streams in West Virginia. Multiple regression analyses are applied to data from 119 U.S. ![]()
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